CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
v GENERAL
In the use of computers there
are 3 components involved in intense, that are hardware (hardware), software (software), and brainware (human).
There are no computer systems and computing activities that
do not involve all three components.
One is the hardware that consists of several components. This one is very vital component to the computer. Processors, graphics cards, harddisk and other devices on the computer will not work without it, the name is motherboard.
One is the hardware that consists of several components. This one is very vital component to the computer. Processors, graphics cards, harddisk and other devices on the computer will not work without it, the name is motherboard.
v PURPOSE
Our purpose in
discussing this matter is to find components that
are part of a specific motherboard to the laymen.
v OBJECTIVES OF THIS WRITE
ü To explain the definition of motherboard
ü To explain history of motherboard
ü To explain components of motherboard
ü To explain the function of motherboard
ü To explain the damage of motherboard
CHAPTER II
A.
DEFINITION OF MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard is the central printed circuit board, called Motherboard because this
component is a major component of the series of CPUs, so the motherboard can
be interpreted in the Indonesian language is the Parent Board or
the main board.
As the name implies, the
motherboard or mainboard is often also referred to the
circuit board where all the other components are connected. The
motherboard is the control center that regulates the work of all the components
installed. Regulate the provision of electrical power on any PC component. There
were many small pieces slot to plug in RAM(Random Access Memory) and
the adapter. There plugged processors.
The motherboard is sometimes
alternatively known as the mainboard,
system board, planar board or, on Apple
computers, the logic board.
It is also sometimes casually shortened to mobo.
As the time gone, the motherboard has a
variety of development accompanied by development of its components. Where
development will be very influence the mechanism of other devices.
B. HISTORY
OF MOTHERBOARD
Prior to the advent of the microprocessor,
a computer was usually built in a card-cage case or mainframe with components connected by a backplane
consisting of a set of slots themselves connected with wires; in very old
designs the wires were discrete connections between card connector pins, but
printed circuit boards soon became the standard practice.
The Central Processing Unit, memory and peripherals
were housed on individual printed circuit boards which plugged into the
backplate. During the late 1980s and 1990s, it became economical to move an
increasing number of peripheral functions onto the motherboard. In the late
1980s, motherboards began to include single ICs (called Super I/O
chips) capable of supporting a set of low-speed peripherals: keyboard, mouse, floppy disk
drive, serial ports, and parallel ports. As of the
late 1990s, many personal computer motherboards supported a full range of
audio, video, storage, and networking functions without the need for any expansion
cards at all; higher-end systems for 3D gaming and computer
graphics typically retained only the graphics card as a separate
component.
The early pioneers of motherboard
manufacturing were Micronics, Mylex, AMI, DTK, Hauppauge, Orchid
Technology, Elitegroup, DFI, and a number of Taiwan-based manufacturers.
The most popular computers such as
the Apple II
and IBM PC
had published schematic diagrams and other documentation which permitted rapid reverse-engineering and third-party replacement
motherboards. Usually intended for building new computers compatible with the
exemplars, many motherboards offered additional performance or other features
and were used to upgrade the manufacturer's original equipment.
Motherboard distinguished on the
form and layout of the circuit is commonly called the form
factor. From its shape, the motherboard are usually divided
into two, namely the model of desktop (monitorplaced on the CPU)
and the model tower (monitor placed next to theCPU).
While based on the form factors are used, the motherboarddistinguished on two big groups: ATX (Advanced Technology -introduced by IBM in 1984) and non ATX.
While based on the form factors are used, the motherboarddistinguished on two big groups: ATX (Advanced Technology -introduced by IBM in 1984) and non ATX.
C.
COMPONENTS OF MOTHERBOARD
Modern motherboards include :
·
Microprocessor or processor is a chip
that serves as the brains of a PC.
·
Power Connector is a pin which connect the
motherboard with power supply in casing of a computer
·
chipset
which forms an interface between the CPU's front-side
bus, main memory, and peripheral buses
·
Southbridge
Under
the southbridge chipset heatsink that there are functions to perform input and
output regulation of several components such as hard drives, optical drives,
USB ports, and PCI Express expansion slots. Along with the many demands of the
process to be done, so now it comes with the chipset heatsink to be more
stable.
·
Northbridge
Located
under the Chipset heatsink fan is equipped with working with the southbridge
chipset to make arrangements for a video card, processor, and memory. At this
chipset has several new features that can deliver high speed ports for LAN
connections and added extra PCI Express.
·
Soket and slot of processor to plug your processor
·
Floppy and IDE connector to connect
the motherboard with storage devices
·
AGP 4X slot for graphic card
·
Standby Power LED as reminder
for turn off the system power before turn on or turn off the machine.
·
non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM
in modern motherboards) containing the system's firmware
or BIOS
·
PCI slots
·
PS/2 Mouse Port
·
Port Paralel dan Serial
·
RJ-45 Port
·
Line in jack and out jack for audio
·
Microphone jack
·
USB 2.0 port 1 dan port 2
·
USB 2.0 port 3 dan port 4
·
Video Graphics Adapter Port (VGA)
·
Keyboard connector
·
Printer slot
·
BIOS
When
you first turn on the PC, the motherboard will boot and run code that contains
the Basic Input Ouput System (BIOS), BIOS will run some tests to prepare for
all the hardware and then run the operating system. BIOS itself is stored in
Flash RAM with a capacity of about 2-4 MB, and chanced upon this example has
two motherboard BIOS.
·
Batere CMOS as stopgap of power
suply.
·
Expansion slots
Some
of the latest motherboards are now equipped with a mix of PCI and PCI Express
expansion slot. As for the PCI Express there are usually two types, namely PCI
Express 16x that serves to replace the AGP and PCI Express 1x slot is the
smallest size and will be used as a substitute for the existing PCI slot for
modem support and some other input device.
·
Additional Components
Some
motherboard manufacturers usually equip chipset motherboard with some optional,
like the Silicon Image SATA RAID, FireWire Controller Texas Instruments, and
two Broadcom Gigabit LAN controller. Some chipsets can be used to support the
connectivity that requires a higher transfer rate.
D.
FUNCTION
OF MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard or mainboard is the
board / main board where the main components such as microprocessors and memory
(RAM, ROM, BIOS) chip along with other controllers. There is also SLOT
Expansion is the place to put the cards additional functions to improve the
facilities and capabilities required. Microprocessor mounted on the socket /
slot corresponding to the shape and size of the microprocessor, such as socket
370, 470, LGA 775, socket A 462 (AMD), the socket slot I (Pentium 2 and 3). On
the motherboard, microprocessor communicates with other components via a bus or
data path. This bus has evolved from the bus 66, 100, 133, 200, 266, 333, 400,
500, 800 MHz. This development was to compensate for the microprocessor work
faster. Expansion slot also experiencing growth. Usually table of diagram has
been included on the motherboard when
you buy a CPU / Mainboard .Processor or CPU (central processing unit) has the
function to read and interpret instructions, does execution, and storing the
results in memory. CPU data bus that is used has a 16.32 or 64 bit.
E.
SORT OF MOTHERBOARD
Various sorts of Motherboard :
a. AMD Motherboard
b. VIA Motherboard
c. ATX Motherboard
d. INTEL Motherboard
e. ASUS Motherboard
F.
MOTHERBARD DAMAGE
If the PC is often times show an
attorney-alamatan complicated, or displaying an error message, emits a
continuous beep uniformly or irregularly, the PC is probably in trouble,
This type of damage can be
categorized into two categories :
a)
Damage to Hardware:
Problems with hardware components
need to be serious because of the difficulty of handling localized and removed
without the proper tools, skills and experiences that support. Explanation will
revolve around the problems that often occur along with how to cope.
b)
Damage to the Mother Board
Symptoms:
Once turned on, no display on the
monitor, the indicator light (LED) on the front panel is lit, the indicator
light (LED) flashing monitors, power supply fan and processor fan spins, no
beep sound at the speaker.
Solution:
The first step, loose all power
cables which connected to the electrical, data cable to the monitor, keyboard
cable / mouse, and all the cables which connected to the CPU, then cashing out
all the screw covers. In an open case please also remove other components, ie
the voltage of power supply cables are connected to the motherboard, hard
drive, floppy, be careful not to rush the process. So is the card attached to
the Motherboard (VGA, Sound Card or other). Now attached to the motherboard
just cashing it. Please check carefully the motherboard, see Chip (IC), Elko,
transistor and others if there is a fire.
If there are no signs of burnt
components likely motherboard is still good, but sometimes when motherboard
does not work because of program damage
which contained in the BIOS,
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
Based on the materials we have
discussed, we draw the following conclusion:
The motherboard is one component of the series
of computer,components
are called Motherborad because this component is a
major component of the series of CPUs, so the motherboard can
be interpreted in the Indonesian language is
the Parent Board or the
main board which has slots for other
components, so that the components are connected to each
other and work together well.
REFERENSES
Ø http://endangkurniati.blogspot.com/2011/06/makalah-motherboard.ht
Ø http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard
Ø Motherboard.pdf
by Muhamad Nursalman
Tag :
Makalah Bahasa Inggris
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